Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access

E-cigarettes

Amandeep Kaur

Abstract


Introduction: Smoking is the leading reason of preventable death globally. Electronic cigarettes were introduced into the market in 2007 as an alternative method for quitting smoking. Considering the increase in the use of electronic cigarettes, the study aims to perform the comprehensive review of literature on e-cigarette. Methods: A systematic review of articles in English of any publication date was managed by searching PubMed, Web of Knowledge and Scopus databases. Heterogeneity and quality of the selected studies were also evaluated. Results: There are almost 75 companies which are supplying e-cigarettes through online in India, and there is no brand in India which manufactures its own product except evolve vapors. Limited studies assessing the health effects of e-cigarettes have been performed as most of them are done in laboratory conditions. The use of e-cigarettes was more in present smokers as the usage enhancing in adolescent because of the modifiability and similarity with the conventional cigarettes. Randomized control trail and cohort studies were not able to generate enough evidence because of the small sample size in the study and lack of previous data available. Conclusions: Well-designed newer generation e-cigarettes trails must be monitored and measured for a longer period so that the safety of the device can be generated.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Muhammad A Rahman, Nicholas R Hann, Andrew M Wilson, George Mnatzaganian, Linda Worrall-Carter. Electronic cigarettes are effective for smoking cessation: evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis. 27 Mar 2018;130: A14945.

Zhu S-H, Sun JY, Bonnevie E, et al. Four hundred and sixty brands of e-cigarettes and counting: implications for product regulation. Tob Control. 2014;23(Suppl 3): iii3–iii9. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051670.

Villanti AC, Johnson AL, Ambrose BK, et al. Flavored tobacco product use in youth and adults: findings from the first wave of the PATH study (2013–2014). Am J Prev Med. March 2017. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2017.01.026.

Leventhal AM, Strong DR, Kirkpatrick MG, et al. Association of electronic cigarette use with initiation of combustible tobacco product smoking in early adolescence. JAMA. 2015;314(7):700–707. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.8950.

Bold KW, Kong G, Camenga DR, et al. Trajectories of e-cigarette and conventional cigarette use among youth. Pediatrics. December 2017: e20171832. doi:10.1542/peds.2017–1832.

Chaffee BW, Watkins SL, Glantz SA. Electronic cigarette use and progression from experimentation to established smoking. pediatrics. March 2018: e20173594. doi:10.1542/peds.2017-3594.

Kulik MC, Lisha NE, Glantz SA. E-cigarettes associated with depressed smoking cessation: a cross-sectional study of 28 European Union Countries. Am J Prev Med.2018;54(4):603–609. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2017.12.017.

Weaver SR, Huang J, Pechacek TF, Heath JW, Ashley DL, Eriksen MP. Are electronic nicotine delivery systems helping cigarette smokers quit? Evidence from a prospective cohort study of U.S. adult smokers, 2015–2016. PLOS ONE. 2018;13(7): e0198047. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198047.

Products C for T. Products, Ingredients & Components—Vaporizers, E-Cigarettes, and other Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS). https://www.fda.gov/TobaccoProducts/Labeling/ProductsIngredientsComponents/u cm456610.htm. [Accessed April 2017].

Levine A, Huang Y, Drisaldi B, et al. Molecular mechanism for a gateway drug: epigenetic changes initiated by nicotine prime gene expression by cocaine. Sci Transl Med.2011;3(107):107ra109. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3003062.

Sleiman M, Logue JM, Montesinos VN, et al. Emissions from Electronic Cigarettes: Key Parameters Affecting the Release of Harmful Chemicals. Environ Sci Technol.2016;50(17):9644–9651. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b0.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.37628/ijebn.v2i1.1123

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.