Sever Acute Malnutrition in a 3-year-old Boy in Ethiopia, Bule Hora Town General Hospital: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

sanjay shinde, Milka Madale, Sarah Edwin, Takala Utura, Shashikala Gadagimath

Abstract


Severe acute malnutrition is the most extreme and visible form of under-nutrition. The child suffering with severe acute malnutrition requires urgent treatment to survive. Ethiopian demographic health survey 2019 shows that 37% of children under 5 are short for their age or stunted (below 2SD), and 12% are severely stunted (below 3SD). The prevalence of stunting generally increases steadily with age, from 22% among children of 6–8 months up to 44% of children of 48–59 months. Notably, the highest proportion of stunting of children (45%) was observed at the age of 24–35 months, and it is also slightly higher among males than female children (40 versus 33%). We report a 3 years boy in Ethiopia with severe acute malnutrition, severe muscle wasting, edema, and poor appetite. Diagnosis was made based on the mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) (11.5 cm), physical examination (weight 9.1 kg and height 91 cm) and weight for height 3Z-score. He was referred to a pediatric team in general hospital, which recommended conservative management with close follow-up. In conclusion, Appropriate treatment and follow-up for severe acute malnutrition would determine the long-term outcome. Children with severe acute malnutrition have very low weight for their height and severe muscle wasting. They may also have nutritional edema, characterized by swollen feet, face, and limbs. About two thirds of these children live in Asia and almost one third live in Africa. Severe acute malnutrition is the major cause of death in children under-five, and its prevention and treatment are critical to child survival and development. Keywords: Severe acute malnutrition, Bule Hora town, General hospital, three-year, Ethiopia

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.37628/ijchn.v4i2.1993

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