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Combine Effect of Dry and Decomposed Raffia Palm in the Bioremediation of Oil-based Drill Cutting
Abstract
This study determines the effect of dry substrate and decomposed raffia palm for degradation of oil- based drill cuttings bioremediation. The remediation process was effectuated using dry and decomposed raffia palm. The experiment was carried out at the research Centre located at Agricultural and Environmental Engineering departmental workshop in Rivers State University, Port Harcourt. Samples of oil-based drill cuttings were bulked in eleven reactors with four replications (T1, T2, T3-T11). The following physiochemical properties: Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon TPH, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon PAH, Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylene BTEX of the initial drill cuttings, oil-based drill cuttings of dry substrate and that of the decomposed were analyzed in the laboratory before and after treatments. TPH, BTEX and PAH were observed to have reduced drastically in all treatment options at the end of 16 weeks of remediation. The percentage reduction for the selected parameters ranged from to 40 to 86% in all the treatment options for the period of 16 weeks. Results also exhibited high coefficient of determinations of (R2) between the range of 0.9274 to 0.9992 in all the treatment options. The results as attained using the analysis of variants ANOVA showed a significant difference at 95% and highly significant at 99% confidence level. Similarly, the results were collaborated by coefficient of variation which percentages were quite low. This confirmed that the experimental error was very low and reliable. Models were formulated for the degradation of the TPH, BTEX and PAH. The results of the experimental test were plotted against the period to obtain the constant (β) in the predicted models. The models show good agreement between experimental data and the predicted data. The model adapted was the simple nonlinear regression and it was validated using the root mean square (RMSE) and graphical comparison. Results displayed high coefficient of determination R2 and low RMSE. This further illustrated the ability of the model (simple nonlinear regression) to predict degradation rate of TPH, PAH and BTEX in oil-based drill cuttings bioremediation treated with dry filtrate and decomposed respectively.
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