Coastal Megacity of Lagos: A review of the Problems and Challenges of Flooding.
Abstract
Lagos the mega-city of slums, with millions living in and around the lagoons with no access to roads, clean water, electricity or waste disposal with rapid urbanization, exposure of people, infrastructure and the tourism industry to the risk of flooding induced by climate change. This paper studies the risk and vulnerability of Lagos as a megacity in Nigeria to flooding as a result of climate induced rainfall being one of the major environmental
problems of coastal areas. Statistical, GIS (Geographic Information System) and remote sensing techniques was adopted to map urban growth, while changes and the impact of flood level from HEC-RAS simulation was modeled for 1990 and 2011. Rainfall distribution, trend
and temporal variations were studied. Flood hazard was computed and the result reveals that flood incident is higher for 2011 than in 1990. Furthermore for Lagos, flood vulnerability
and risk indicators were selected using Principal Components Analysis (PCA) to represents each of the three major components of vulnerability (which include exposure, sensitivity and
adaptive capacity) and risk. Based on these, flood vulnerability index was computed as well as the flood risk index and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression techniques was used to test the validity of the model to represent the phenomena in question. Flood risk drivers was determined for Lagos which includes insecurity, ecosystem degradation, lack access to
sanitation, lack good drink water and transportation infrastructure, drainage infrastructure and poorly governed rapid urbanization. In bid to mitigate and adapt to flood control and management in Lagos optimal performance would be insightful to consider policies institutionalization and structural decentralization of operations along the governance framework identified.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
] Aderogba, K. A. (2012). Qualitative
studies of recent floods and sustainable
growth and development of cities and
towns in Nigeria. International Journal of
Basic and Applied Science, Vol. 01, No.
: 200-216.
] Ibeabuchi, U., Egbu, A. U and Kalu O.
A. (2018). Coastal Megacities: The case of
Lagos. International Journal of Research
and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS),
Volume II, Issue IV: 1-12.
] MOE (Ministry of Environment)
(2012). Climate Change Policy 2012-
, Lagos State Government, First
Draft, March.
] Akanni, O. and Bilesanmi, L. (2011).
Flood: Lagos residents forced to
relocate... Drowning teenager rescued in
Vanguard: Towards a Better Life for the
People. Lagos: Vanguard Media Limited.
(Friday, July10), 20p.
Yang, T., Shao, Q., Hao, Z., Chen,
X.,Zhang, Z., Xu, C., and L. Sun (2010).
Regional frequency analysis and Spatio-
temporal pattern characterization of
Rainfall extremes in the Pearl River basin,
China. Journal of Hydrology 380:386–
] The Nation, July 12th, 2011
] The Punch July 12th 2011
] The Punch, July 3rd, 2011
] The Punch, July 18th, 2011
Coastal Megacity of Lagos: A review of the Problems
and Challenges of Flooding Ibeabuchi
IJSCRS (2020) 25-47 © Journals Pub 2020. All Rights Reserved Page 46
] Oyebande, L. (1974). Drainage
protection to urban lands: An
environmental challenge. Nigerian
Geographical Association Conference.
University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu.
] Adeloye, A. J., Rustum, R. (2011).
Lagos (Nigeria) flooding and influence of
urban planning. Urban Design and
Planning 164 (DP3):175-187.
] Adelekan, I. O (2009). Vulnerability
of poor urban coastal communities to
Climate Change in Lagos, Nigeria. Paper
presented at the Fifth Urban Research
Symposium on Cities and Climate
Change, Marseilles, 28-30, June.
] Ibe, A.C. (1988). Coastline Erosion
in Nigeria. Ibadan press, Ibadan Nigeria.
] Abegunde, .M. A. A (1987). Aspects
of the Physical Environment of Lagos. In
Adefuye, A., Babatunde, A and
Osuntokun, J. (Eds). History of the People
of Lagos State. First edition, Lantern
books, Literamed, Ikeja, Lagos.
] Mabogunje, A. L., Filani, M. O.,
Udo, R. K., Okeye, T. O., Timusawni J.,
Woodford (1978). Town map. Adebekun,
O., Omoighi, D. A, Offiong, O.A.,
Okebadejo, W. I. A.,Ofomata,G. E. K.,
Aina, J.O.,Onuogu, et al.: The National
Atlas of the Federal Republic of Nigeria.
First edition. Federal Ministry of Survey,
Nigeria.
] National Population Commission and
National Bureau of Statistics estimates
(2016). Population Forecasts 2006 - 2016.
Retrieved 7th June 2020 from
https://nigerianstat.gov.ng/download/474
] Masood, M and Takeuchi, K (2011).
Flood hazard and risk assessment in Mid-
Western part of Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Natural Hazard 61(2). Retrieved 27th
March 2017 from
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069=011-0060-
x
] National Bureau of Statistics (NBS)
(2012). 2006 Population Census, Official
Gazette (FGP71/52007/2500 OL24), Legal
note on the publications of the details of
breakdown of the National and State
Provisional total 2006 census. Retrieved
th January 2020 from
www.nigerianstat.gov.ng
] Preston, B. L, Smith, T. F, Brooke,
Gorddard, R, Measham, T. G,
Withycombe, G, Mcinnes, K, Abbs, D.,
Beveridge, B., & C. Morrison (2008).
Mapping Climate Change vulnerability in
Sydney coastal councils group. Systems
approach to regional Climate Change
adaptation strategies in metropolises,
prepared for the Sydney coastal councils
group.
] Islam, Md. M, Barman, A., Kabir,
Md. A, Kundu, G. K, Paul, B & S. Das
(2016). Mapping Climate Change
Vulnerability in the fisheries sector of
Bangladesh using a composite index
approach and GIS. Department of
Fisheries, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-
, Bangladesh. Retrieved 7th June 2018
from
https://www.nps.gov/subjects/climatechan
ge/vulnerabilityandadaptation.htm
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37628/jscrs.v6i2.1456
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.