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Modeling 28 Days’ Curing Compressive Strength of Concrete Partially Replaced with Palm Kernel Shell as Aggregate Influenced by Porosity

Solomon Ndubuisi Eluozo, Ebirim S., Egbebike J.

Abstract


Twenty-eight days of curing to determine compressive strength of concrete were carried out through
the application of modeling and simulation. The development of concrete compressive strength was
carried out by integrating palm kernel shell (PKS) as partial replacement for aggregate. Studies were
monitored to determine its rates of strength development by partially replacing PKS at different
percentage of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% to determine the optimum compressive strength within
the applied percentage of replacement. Replacement with 5% of PKS was observed to generate the
optimum strength development, while decreases in strength were experienced fluctuating down the
highest percentage of replacement at 25%. The study examined that heterogeneity of the PKS were
observed to affect the concrete formation. These could be through the pore distribution of the materials
in size, thus affecting the bonding of the material with cement. Such observed condition reflected on the
heterogeneity of deposited porosity on the concrete. This influenced the strength developed that
experienced fluctuating thus decrease with respect to increase in percentage of replacement. The study
examined the binding agent used in the material and its impact on the target strength. This was done
through modeling and simulation, which provided predictive values. The simulation highlighted the
significance of porosity as the main factor influencing the growth rate of compressive strength. The
predictive values were then compared to experimental data, and both parameters showed strong
correlation. This study is important as it explains the behavior of the materials, specifically PKS, in
terms of its impact on target strength in mix design. It also demonstrates the effect of pore distribution
when PKS is used as a replacement for aggregate. These factors were noted to lead to a decline in
strength with an increase in the percentage of replacement. Experts can utilize these conceptual
techniques to monitor the use of PKS as a partial replacement for aggregate.


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.37628/ijct.v9i2.859

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