A Review on Bioethanol Production

Abstract

Bioethanol is a renewable and bio-based form of alcohol that serves as an important alternative to fossil fuels, primarily as a transportation fuel and an additive in gasoline and has various other industrial applications. The production of fuel ethanol (which is also referred to as "bioethanol") from renewable lignocellulosic materials has the potential to lessen global petroleum demand while lowering the overall release of carbon dioxide, the primary contributor to global warming. Due to the rapid industrialization and population growth, there is an increasing need for ethanol on a global scale. Bioethanol offers an effective replacement for conventional fuels, issues like resource and land competition, balance of energy, and social and economic variables need to be carefully taken into account. Conventional crops like corn and sugarcane cannot full fill the requirement for manufacture of bioethanol because of their applications as feed and food. Temperature, concentration of sugar, pH, length of fermentation, rate of agitation, and size of inoculum are just a few of the variables that affect the synthesis of bioethanol during fermentation. Agricultural waste and other lignocellulosic materials are thus suitable feed stocks for the production of bioethanol. Agricultural trash is affordable, plentiful, and regenerative. Using agricultural waste to produce bioethanol has the potential to be a promising technology, but there are a lot of challenges and limitations when it comes to managing and transporting biomass and using efficient pretreatment methods for full lignocellulosic de lignification. After enzymatic saccharification, appropriate pretreatment techniques can improve the amounts of fermentable sugars, increasing the process' overall efficiency. New fermentation technologies are necessary for the conversion of xylose and glucose to ethanol in order to enable the entire operation commercially feasible.